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Staff Reduction Process Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Staff Reduction Process - Coursework Example The other duty of the restorative chief in the staff decrease process is guaranteeing the wo...

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Essay on Frank Capra’s Mr. Smith Goes to Washington

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Frank Capra’s â€Å"Mr. Smith Goes to Washington† In Frank Capra’s 1939 people’s fable â€Å"Mr. Smith goes to Washington â€Å"Jefferson Smith, a young, idealistic, and naà ¯ve hero from a Midwestern state is thrust into public notoriety through a chance course of events. His journey will compel him to contemplate the veracity of the political foundation which supports American democracy and confront the corruption which seeks to erode it. Smith, leader of the Boy Rangers, an organization closely based on the Boy Scouts of America, becomes a state hero after â€Å"single-handedly† putting out a forest fire. Like a fabled hero, his statewide popularity burgeons, particularly amongst his state’s youth. When an unexpected†¦show more content†¦In so doing, Smith stumbles into the movie’s central struggle. While directly Capra’s film powerfully illustrates Smith’s own intense confrontation with a seemingly omnipotent political machine; his ultimate victory is a condemnation of all industrial greed as well as a reaffirmation of the power of the citizen to make an impact in a government that through all its shortcomings is still democracy. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Capra’s film is dramatically enhanced by its patriotic representation of our National’s capitol, with particular emphasis on the splendor of the Capitol and strength of the Lincoln Memorial. These images are constant visual reminders of the freedom and strength of personal choice provided by our government. The film’s score composed of traditional renditions of patriotic melodies including â€Å"Yankee Doodle† and † Auld Lang Syne† only reinforces these sentiments. Capra’s most dramatic use of setting is the reconstruction of the Senate chamber, the site for the film’s most climactic and inspiring scene. Unwilling to allow the Senate to vote on his expulsion and empowered with the goal of uncovering the Willet Dam Project as fraud, Smith skillfully filibusters the Senate in hopes that his state’s populace will come to his support. Despite Taylor’s ruthless propaganda, Smith’sShow MoreR elatedEssay about Film Review: Frank Capra’s Mr. Smith Goes to Washington1887 Words   |  8 Pages In Frank Capra’s Mr. Smith Goes to Washington, a naà ¯ve Jefferson Smith sets off for Washington D.C. as a United States Senator, where he learns that politics is not as transparent as it may seem. Released in 1939, one of the most successful years for film, Mr. Smith became a smash hit, easily becoming the second largest blockbuster of that year. However, 1939 was also the year World War II had started, and coupled with the war’s association with the Great Depression, the hit film was bound toRead MoreJulius Caesar Essay1011 Words   |  5 PagesGlover’s Sydney Morning Herald article ‘Take a Moment to Mourn the Mainstream’, debating against the depreciation of the respect over radio stations between generations, and Frank Capra’s classic film ‘Mr. Smith Goes to Washington’, which expresses the triumph of American ideals through the conflicting morals of Senator Jefferson Smith and Joseph Paine. In each we see how the respectiv e composers have used main protagonists as well as various literary and cinematic devices to express the theme of conflictingRead MoreMr. Smith Goes : Washington Analysis1180 Words   |  5 PagesMr. Smith Goes to Washington Analysis In Frank Capra’s Mr. Smith Goes to Washington, a modern David and Goliath story of a man taking on a system way more powerful than himself is evident in its themes of patriotism and standing up in the face of injustice. James Stewart’s portrayal of a naà ¯ve and patriotic junior senator serves as a vehicle with which Capra exposed a side of American politics that previously had been beyond the eyes of the everyman. With the help of incredible supporting actorsRead MoreThe Grain of the Voice1312 Words   |  5 Pagesscreens. James Stewart: Mr Smith Goes to Washington (Frank Capra, 1939) In the early 1930s, many prominent stars with very recognizable voices surface in Hollywood, and one among these rising stars was James Stewart, whom was said to be made famous by Capra’s Mr Smith Goes to Washington. In Capra’s film, Stewart plays the character of Jefferson Smith, a kind-hearted and naà ¯ve young senator who finds himself trapped in the webs of dirty politics. As the story gradually unfolds, Smith finds his strengthRead MoreFrank Capra1544 Words   |  7 PagesFrank Capra Have you ever heard about the great filmmaker Francesco Rosario Capra? Perhaps you’ve heard of his 1946 film â€Å"It’s a Wonderful Life† (Laurie Boeder)? Or his 1941 film â€Å"Meet John Doe† (Laurie Boeder)? These two are just a few films of his great work. Capra was a unique filmmaker. He struggled to keep his dream alive and managed to become one of the most successful filmmakers ever. Frank Capra was born on â€Å"May 18, 1897 in Bisacquino, Sicily. On May 10, 1903, his family left for AmericaRead More Destry Rides Again, Mr Smith Goes to Washington, and the Fall of the Hollywood Studio System3533 Words   |  15 PagesRides Again, Mr Smith Goes to Washington, and the Fall of the Hollywood Studio System Thomas Schatz cites the 1950’s as the inevitable end of the Hollywood film studio system, with the signs appearing as early as the height of the second World War (472). However, the seeds of discontent and disintegration within the system were apparent as soon as the late 1930’s, exemplified in such films as Destry Rides Again (1939, George Marshall) and Mr. Smith Goes To Washington (1939, Frank Capra). TheRead MoreThe Power Of Big Business1183 Words   |  5 Pagescourse of the year (PBS; 2007). During this turmoil and chaos abroad, the United States clings to its principles of freedom and democracy, described in Roosevelt’s 1939 State of the Union (â€Å"Franklin Delano Roosevelt†). So when the film, Mr. Smith Goes to Washington, criticizes the very governmental foundations the country so desperately clings to, the film is not met with enthusiasm but rather controversy. The movie criticizes the power of big business and its influence on public opinion, insinuatingRead MoreThe Studio System Essay14396 Words   |  58 Pagespercent of all box-office receipts. The Hollywood Studio System =========================== MGM --- * Known For: glitz and glamour * In Charge: Louis B. Mayer, Irving Thalberg * Directors: George Cukor, Frank Borzage * Actresses: Greta Garbo, Joan Crawford, Norma Shearer, Myrna Loy, Jean Harlow * Actors: Clark Gable, Robert Taylor, William Powell, Walter Pidgeon, Melvyn Douglas, Spencer Tracy, Mickey Rooney, James

ERP on Employees Productivity in the Telecommunication

Question: Discuss about the ERP on Employees Productivity in the Telecommunication. Answer: Introduction Todays business environment is influenced by the advancement and exponential growth of information technology. In the competitive and rival environment the technology is needed to cope up with the other competitors in the market.Managers need to employ technologies for the benefit of the organization if the organization wishes to remain successful and to be competitive in the market.Currently organizations in the telecommunication sector have faced some challenges regarding implementation of ERP on the employees productivity. Research objective As far as objectives and real purpose behind the research is concerned, following are the basic objectives To examine the impact of ERP on increasing the work efficiency of the employee in the telecommunication sector To evaluate the process of ERP the telecommunication sector normally applies To advocate the possible strategies needed to be applied for establishing the ERP Research question What is the impact of enterprise resource planning implementation on employees productivity? How the employees efficiency help the companys to achieve their goals or objectives? What is the necessary approach of ERP in increasing the employees productivity in an organization? Problem statement In the telecommunication sector in Australia, the companies are using several operating systems for different departments to collect the information or data. For that there is no consistency of receiving the data timely. For that the employee of the organization are less productive(Rachev et al., 2013). Literature review: Introduction Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is collection of softwares which constitute a total software system which the business enterprises use to perform their day-to-day operations. This information technological support helps in the decision making process of the organization. The scope of ERP is huge and its practical life implementation is numerous. The advantages offered by ERP have helped it gain much significance in the business world. The present industry situation is characterized by dynamic changes in the market environment and ever increasing competition. Keywords: ERP System, Organizational Objectives, Employee Productivity, Effect of Technological Advancement in the Telecommunication Industry, Productivity Analysis, Service Quality, Employee Innovation. Concept of ERP As mentioned above ERP is total system which co-ordinates and facilitates the business activities of a business organization. To keep pace with the dynamic nature of the business environment and stakeholder demands, implementation of contemporary technologies have become indispensable such as the ERP system (Abugabah, Ahed, et al. 2010). This research paper intends to review the effect of ERP system on the productivity of employees in the telecommunication industry of Australia. The critical review will explore all the possible advantageous avenues an organization can discover within and outside the industry. We will evaluate the effect of these avenues on the level of effectiveness and efficiency of the employees engaged in the telecommunication sector. As pointed out earlier ERP is a collection of softwares which find their implementation in various business processes that are undertaken by a telecommunication company. The various avenues where ERP system is implemented are supply chain management, manufacturing, inventory control, manufacturing activities, sales support, customer relationship management, accounting, costing, financial management, etc. The main aim behind implementing ERP is to facilitate an informative decision making process. With the help of an ERP system the management of the company is able to make informed decisions which ultimately cater to the achievement of the pre-determined goals of the concern. Such effective and efficient decision making helps in maximizing profits and the wealth of the stakeholders (Beheshti, Hooshang M., et al. 2010). CRM module of ERP and its effect on sales of employees ERP is basically noticed to supply different reliable and available customer oriented data, which further helps the employees to perfectly manage and carry out their pre sales activities. Also it helps the employees to perform different automatic sales process and deliver a consistent form of customer service. The CRM module helps employees to recognise the different forms of market trends problems in sales as well as developed business opportunities which are likely noticed to throw impact over sales performance (Donner, et al 2011). The employees are further noticed to make access over the updated communication history with their customers to strengthen their relationship with the customers. In this way, employees of different companies strive to increase their sales performance by supplying superior form of customer services and enhance their relation with customers. The CRM module of ERP is further noticed to impose control over the sales process of the company that is followed b y the employees. it is noticed to authorize the sales staff of the company by supplying them with details that includes information on inventory status, the cost structure and delivery time of the products, habits and special demands placed by the customers so that the company puts effort in producing such products and expand the sales platform of the company (Gulati, 2012). With the use of CRM software he employees are able to supply value added services to their customers so that they could stay at the forefront of their business competitors with a good reputation in the market, also with the CRM module the employees of the company are able to successfully upgrade their existing knowledge on customers needs and supplying hose services or products in time strengthen the sales structure of the company. It would be further research with SAP CRM which supplies information on the different aspects of sales and helps the employees to collect different predictive information that might t hrow impact on the sales performance. The idea of implementing different channels within the business that includes internet, telephony, carrying out field sales that help in optimising the customers relationship would be helpful for the research (Hesse-Biber 2010). Effect of ERP on Productivity of Employees In an arena where ERP has made the entire management process automated, the productivity of the employees get affected. This may happen in a positive or negative manner, both. This impact has been studied in details previously. Notable research works are McAfee and Upton 1996, Ross in 1998, Davenport also in 1998, AT Kearney in 1996, 1998 and in 2000, Gattiker and Goodhue in 2000, MSDW CIO Surveys on Enterprise Softwares from 1999 to 2001. As discussed above the needs of the telecommunication industry has changed to a huge extent (Ifinedo and Princely 2010). Cut throat competition requires the telecommunication companies to co-ordinate their activities in an efficient manner so as to provide seamless service to the consumers. Implementation of ERP has enabled integration, co-ordination and execution of different business processes in an efficient manner throughout the organization (Momoh, A., R. Roy et al. 2010). The level and quality of productivity of the employees is a very much important element to the management of the telecommunications company. As they are a part of the service industry, it becomes imperative for them to interact with the end customers in an efficient manner so as to satisfy their demands (Venkatesh, Viswanath, Hillol Bala, et al. 2010). The employees of the telecommunication industry are engaged in direct customer handling and hence their work force has to be well trained. Implementation of ERP system in the organization helps the employees to perform their jobs with much accuracy and as a result they get the scope to focus more on customer handling (Morris, Michael G., et al. 2010). This in turn increases their service quality and enables to resolve disputes quickly. Prompt service by the employees increases their productivity and customer satisfaction. The employees become more and more involved in generating innovative ideas to serve the customers of the company. T his level of effectiveness is only achieved by implementing a total system which reduces the extra burdens of the employees. As a result the sense of accountability and responsibility increases in the employees. The involvement of IT in the decision making process has resulted to be an asset for the companies engaged in the telecommunication industry (Qutaishat and Fadi Taher,2012). Gaps in Existing Literature This research is based on the earlier studies which were conducted in the 1990s. Since then a lot of changes have taken place. This research intends to bridge those gaps and arrive at a conclusion which will be taken to be most appropriate in contemporary times. This research intends to measure the sensitivity of changes in the productivity of employees with the implementation of ERP systems in organizations. The degree of change is still not arrived at to the exact pinpoint. This research intends to find out and measure the exact amount of change that takes place in productivity after and before implementation of ERP system. Summary This study was able to demonstrate the importance of ERP systems in the present business world for companies engaged in the telecommunication industry in Australia. It was able to address the issues related to the implementation of an ERP system on the productivity of the employees of the organization. Employee behavior and effectiveness is influenced by a number of variables which has a great impact on the functioning and decision making process of a company. To achieve the objective of customer satisfaction by implementing ERP system requires the employees to be involved throughout the implementation process. The employees shall be given the freedom to choose the manner in which they will require assistance from the ERP system. This will definitely enhance the efficiency of the employees and will help them to perform their duties in a much effective manner. Research methodology The researcher will be applied different statistical models and techniques based on the requirements of this research(Leavy and Hesse-Biber 2010). For conducting this research the data and information will be needed and a work structure should be prepared(Hesse-Biber 2010). The deductive research approach will be going to use by the researcher to collect the practical data and information that are required for this study. The researcher will going to use the descriptive research design that helps to gather the actual data.For this research both quantitative and qualitative data are going to use that will help the researcher to analyze the data more accurately(Gulati 2012). Data collection approach After the preparation of the research design the researcher will going to collect the data from different sources. The researcher will going to apply hypothesis test (Z test), central tendency, inferential statistics and dispersion, regression analysis for conducting this research. The primary and secondary both the data are necessary to conducting this research. To take the feedback from the employee some precise questionnaire will going to prepare by the researcher(Donner and Zou, 2011). To make the research qualitative some face-to-face interview will going to take by the researcher. All the data will be classified according to the variables. The researcher will apply some statistical analysis to attain the outcomes of this study. For this, the research will going to take total sample size of 100. 70 employees and 30 customers are included in this total sample size. The customer will going to tell the after implementing this system what quality services they will be provide by the organization. Data Analysis The researcher will going to use different charts, tabulations, graphs that will help the researcher to analyze the outcomes. The actual data and information that is going to help the researcher take some important decisions about the impact of employees work efficiency within the organization. Based upon the quantitative method the researcher will going to analyze the data and information that will going to help for conducting the research process. Interpretation of research outcomes Based on the research outcomes the organizations can increase their employees productivity and make the customer satisfied. To assess the needs and requirements of the employee within the organization an interpretation should be given clearly by the researcher so that the organizations can improve their business activities in the long-run(Bryman and Bell, 2011). Expected research outcomes The results of the research will help the organization to take some important decisions in the future. The important factors, numerical analysis of the survey that will be taken from the customer and the employee that will going to be included. Whether any other aspects are there that are preventing the organization to implement this system will be going to disclose. After the research process it will be very easy to understand the reason behind the employees productivity in the organization. The z test will specify the outcomes that will help the organization to clearly understand their issues. The outcomes of this research will going to help the organizations to maintain a standardized processes within the organization. This research will help the organization to maintain the timeliness. Main Activities 1st- 3rd week 4th-6th Week 7th-8th week 9th-10th Week 12th Week 13th Week 14th Week Selection of Topics Literature-Review Research Methodologies Data-Collection Method (primary) à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚   Data Analysing Interpretation Findings Recommendations Conclusions Final Business Research (Capstone) Thesis Conclusion To conduct this particular study the researcher has mentioned the whole process in this particular study. In order to analyze the necessary issues that this research intends to focus on, the researcher is quite affirm that the application and the following strategies seem to be quite essential. Reference List Abugabah, Ahed, and Louis Sanzogni. "Enterprise resource planning (ERP) system in higher education: A literature review and implications."International Journal of Human and Social Sciences5.6 (2010): 395-399. Beheshti, Hooshang M., and Cyrus M. Beheshti. "Improving productivity and firm performance with enterprise resource planning."Enterprise Information Systems4.4 (2010): 445-472. Bryman, A. and Bell, E. (2011). Business research methods. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Donner, A. and Zou, G. (2011). Estimating Simultaneous Confidence Intervals for Multiple Contrasts of Proportions by the Method of Variance Estimates Recovery. Statistics in Biopharmaceutical Research, 3(2), pp.320-335. Gulati, P. M. (2012) Research Management: Fundamental Applied Research, Page 45, Global India Publications Pvt. Ltd. Hesse-Biber, S. N (2010) Mixed Methods Research: Merging Theory With Practice, 3 ed. New York: Guilford Publications Ifinedo, Princely, et al. "Relationships among ERP post-implementation success constructs: An analysis at the organizational level."Computers in Human Behavior26.5 (2010): 1136-1148. Leavy, P. and Hesse-Biber, S. N. (2010) The Practice of Qualitative Research. Page 253, 2nd ed. London: Sage Publications Momoh, A., R. Roy, and Essam Shehab. "Challenges in enterprise resource planning implementation: state-of-the-art."Business Process Management Journal16.4 (2010): 537-565. Morris, Michael G., and Viswanath Venkatesh. "Job characteristics and job satisfaction: understanding the role of enterprise resource."Management Information Systems Quarterly34.1 (2010): 9. Nieves, V., Wang, J. and Bras, R. (2011). Statistics of multifractal processes using the maximum entropy method. Geophys. Res. Lett., 38(17), p.n/a-n/a. Qutaishat, Fadi Taher, et al. "The effect of erp successful implementation on employees' productivity, service quality and innovation: An empirical study in telecommunication sector in jordan."International Journal of Business and Management7.19 (2012): p45. Rachev, S., Klebanov, L., Stoyanov, S. and Fabozzi, F. (2013). The Methods of Distances in the Theory of Probability and Statistics. New York, NY: Springer New York. Song, Y., Sun, Z. and Gu, F. (2011). Damage Alarming Method Based on Statistics to a Benchmark Structure. AMR, 368-373, pp.2299-2302. Venkatesh, Viswanath, Hillol Bala, and Tracy Ann Sykes. "Impacts of information and communication technology implementations on employees' jobs in service organizations in India: a multià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ method longitudinal field study."Production and Operations Management19.5 (2010): 591-613.

Tuesday, April 21, 2020

The War Between The Classes Essays - Armbands,

The War Between The Classes The War Between the Classes By (Your Name Here) The War Between the Classes is an excellent book written by Gloria D. Miklowitz. It is about a high-school class that plays the ?Color Game?. In the game, there are four social classes which are represented by armbands: Blues ? highest, richest; Dark Greens ? upper-middle class, semi-rich; Light Greens ? lower-middle class, semi-poor; Oranges ? lowest class, very poor. To further split up the classes, there are the superior sex, Teks(females), and the inferior sex, No-Teks(males). There are also groups of Color Game ?policemen?, which are older students who played the game in previous years. They record the students' activities, and record any good or bad behavior, which can result in demotions or promotions. The Color Game runs like this: Lower classes, or No-Teks, must bow when they meet eyes with a higher class, or Tek. Higher classes can give orders to lower classes. Lower classes may not speak to a higher class unless spoken to, and can only reply in a short answer. You must have your armband and journal with you at all times. The main character in this book is Emiko ?Amy? Sumoto. She comes from a Japanese family, and her parents believe she should keep the family going by marrying a Japanese boy. Instead, she is interested in a rich, white boy names Adam, which is the opposite of her. In the Color Game, all the Latinos in the class turn out to be high colors, and rich whites end up as lower colors, which are all planned out by their teacher. Although she is used to being treated as a lower person in real life, along with the rest of the Latinos, she doesn't feel right with the power she has, being one of the most powerful people in the class. She decides to try and unite all the colors to an equal rank. After being demoted from Blue to Orange with Adam, she plans to post ?Unite All Colors? posters all over the school, and make quad-colro armbands for all students to wear. Finally she succeeds in doing this, and unites the whole school as one. My favorite part of this book is when Amy and her friend Juan sneak into the school at night and post the posters all over the school. I like this part because it sounds very fun to do, and it's the only actual action part or the book. I would definitely recommend this book to a friend, although most of my friends are reading it right now. I would recommend it because it acts as a very good teacher about stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination. Plus, it is shown through the eyes of a person who is almost at the bottom of the social classes, and is the same age as we will be in a few years. It shows what life when you're older can really be like. Bibliography The War Between the Classes, Gloria D. Miklowitz

Monday, March 16, 2020

How to Get Into Your Top-Choice College Infographic

How to Get Into Your Top-Choice College Infographic SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Applying to colleges can be a long and difficult process. You have to fill out a bunch of applications, write long essays, get letters of recommendation, and so many other things. It's almost impossible to keep track of everything. That's why we've put together this handy infographic full of helpful tips and pointers. Find out just how difficult it is to apply to colleges, where you should focus your attention, and learn how to avoid the most common mistakes. We want to give you the best shot at getting accepted to you top-choice colleges, so continue reading and get a jump start on your application! Share this Image On Your Site pstrongPlease include attribution to prepscholar.com with this graphic./strongbr /br /a href='http://blog.prepscholar.com/how-to-get-into-your-top-choice-college-infographic'img src='http://blog.prepscholar.com/hubfs/Infographic-Get-Into-College.png' alt='How to Get Into Your Top College' width='600px' border='0' //a/p Other Topics You May Be Interested In: Easiest Colleges to Get Into Which Colleges Require the SAT II? The SAT is an important part of college admissions. To find out more about the SAT and how to do well:

Saturday, February 29, 2020

Reflection paper about course Entrepreneurship101 Essay

Reflection paper about course Entrepreneurship101 - Essay Example In addition, I was hopeful that I would meet a good number of successful entrepreneurs, engage them in debate with an intention of having a clear understanding of their lives and work. In this course, we received a number of guest speakers who also included successful entrepreneurs hence my expectations were achieved. It is of significance to posit that I was also hopeful that I would gain relevant skills, knowledge, and abilities that would be necessary in my career as an entrepreneur. Subsequently, I was also hopeful that I would gain expertise on how I can apply my acquired skills and abilities in my areas of interest in entrepreneurship. I was able to achieve these through being actively engaged in learning, and engaging in dialogues with instructors. This course is intended to help students incorporate all modules comprised in liberal arts education such as critical thinking, comprehension of various situations, teamwork, and reflecting. As a result, I was optimistic I would comprehend how to integrate all these modules in learning. These expectations were all met. In my course, I was exposed to different aspects of entrepreneurship and asked to reflect what I have learnt, as well as how that could impact me and the society. Through this, I was able to comprehend how to integrate these modul es of liberal arts education What I liked most in this course is the structure and sessions. The structure involved a lot of interactions and lectures. I have always been able to learn more through engaging myself actively and also engaging in chats and discussions with lecturers and other instructors. Guest speakers helped break the monotony created by our lecturers. Having guest speakers is a new experience that all students look forward to. Guest speakers give first hand experiences in the work and the problems they have encountered in their work. Therefore, I liked it more learning various components and skills in entrepreneurship from

Wednesday, February 12, 2020

Evolution of Transformational Leadership Assignment

Evolution of Transformational Leadership - Assignment Example Transformational leadership is perhaps the modern category of leadership which not only conceives from the point of view of leaders but it also attempts to renovate the followers or subordinates into leaders. " facilitates a redefinition of people's mission and vision, a renewal of their commitment and the restructuring of their systems for goal accomplishment. It is a relationship of mutual stimulation and elevation that converts followers into leaders and may convert leaders into moral agents. Hence, Transformational leadership must be grounded in moral foundations." (Leithwood, as cited in Cashin et al., 2000, p.1). 1. Genuine Transformational leadership builds indisputable trust between leaders and followers. They believe that without constant commitment, enforcement, and modeling of leadership, standards of business ethics cannot be attained in organizations. 3. They increase the awareness of what is right, important, and beautiful when they help to elevate followers' needs for achievement and self-actualization, when they foster in followers higher moral maturity, and when they move followers to go beyond their self-interests for the good of their group, organization, or society. The truly transformational leader is who seeks the greatest quality for the greatest number and thus sets an example to followers about the value of valid and accurate communication in followers. 4. In organizations where Transformational leadership has a broad influence, at times both leadership and follower-ship are equal but they perform different activities at different times. Individuals who assume leadership roles have sound visioning, interpersonal and organizational skills, and the desire and willingness to lead. Effective followers are distinguished by their capacity for self-management, strong commitment, and courage (Kelley, 1995).

Saturday, February 1, 2020

Bretton Woods Institutions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Bretton Woods Institutions - Essay Example Many people regard these post-colonial institutions to help the developing countries. According to Anghie (2002), these institutions define the ‘unique’ relationship, which exists between international organizations and the Third World. These institutions have been developed, in order for technological advancement of different countries from the developing world, and to refine, reinforce, reproduce and manage the statehood of countries from the Third World (Tan, pp. 31, 2011). Although, established with the aim of reconstructing Europe, the World Bank has taken part in many development projects that have occurred in the Third World. World Bank has also provided different loans to these countries, in order for them to establish themselves properly (Chebucto, n.p, n.d). Although these organizations have been created under the UN charter; in practice, they are largely autonomous (Willis, pp. 36, 2005). These institutions, developed some 60 years ago were developed to put an end to the depression, caused by economic problems, as well as the war, and were a beacon of light for many, especially for the development countries. For this purpose, the paper seeks to examine the ways that the institutions have helped the poor countries (Daly, Farley, pp. 318, 2004). However, since there is large criticism surrounding these Bretton Woods Institutions, it is also imperative to discuss the extent that these organizations have been pro-poor over the years. Nonetheless, it is important to discuss the roles of these two sister organizations, before judging their actions. Although, they had been developed for different purposes, their roles have changed dramatically over the ensuing years. The World Bank seeks to provide development assistance. On the other hand, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) promotes monetary cooperation on an international level through surveying the countries, and lends to those countries, which have a negative position in Balance of Payme nts (BOP). However, their roles often overlap with each other, since they both seek to provide financial assistance, through one way or the other. For example, considering the actions of World Bank and IMF after the economic crisis in Latin America, one would notice that both these organizations help each other in their respective goals (Weiss, Daws, pp. 1, 2006). One can recognize that they have been active in working for the development for the poor through the ways that they have rapidly changed their roles. Aside from maintaining a fixed exchange rate system, which helped poor countries develop economically, the IMF also gave loans to countries, which had balance of payments problems. Most of these problems are experienced by countries, belonging to the Third World, and the repercussions of negative balance of payments are quite magnificent. Hence, in order to correct this situation, short-term loans were provided, during the 1950s. The World Bank sought to develop different cou ntries, by encouraging private investment to flow into the Third World, so that more development could occur in these countries (Weiss, Dawas, pp.5, 2006). Throughout the years, they kept adding more problems to their agenda, so that these problems could be solved. In 1988, the Multilateral Investment